The Facts About Dry Ice

Dry ice is the solid form of solid carbon dioxide, CO2. Some of the following facts about dry ice that will help keep you safe when working with it—and others are just fun to know. Dry Ice Facts Dry ice, sometimes called cardice, is solid carbon dioxide.Dry ice is extremely cold (-109.3 °F or -78.5 °C). At this temperature, dry ice sublimates from a solid state into a gaseous state or undergoes deposition from gas to solid. Dry ice must be placed in a high-pressure environment in order to form liquid carbon dioxide.The first published observation of dry ice was in 1835 by French chemist Charles Thilorier, who noted the formation of dry ice when a container of liquid carbon dioxide was opened.Dry ice resembles snow or water ice.  Its usually sold as chunks or pellets, which appear white because water vapor from the air readily freezes onto the surface. While it looks somewhat like ordinary water ice, its referred to as dry because theres no intermediate liquid phase.Dry ice density usually ranges between 1.2 and 1.6 kg/dm3.The molecular weight of dry ice is 44.01 g/mole.Dry ice is nonpolar, with a dipole moment of zero. It has low thermal and electrical conductivity.The specific gravity of dry ice is 1.56 (water 1). Dry ice sinks in water and to the bottom of drinks.While the white vapor released when dry ice sublimates does contain some carbon dioxide, its mostly water fog produced when the cool gas condenses water from the air.When dry ice is added to food—as when making ice cream or freezing fruit—the carbon dioxide carbonates the liquid and can react with water to form dilute carbonic acid which adds an acidic or sour flavor.When dry ice sublimates, some of the carbon dioxide gas immediately mixes with air, but some of the cold dense gas sinks. Carbon dioxide concentrations increase near the floor of a room in which a lot of dry ice is being used. Dry Ice Safety Contact with dry ice can result in frostbite and cold burns. Avoid allowing any direct contact between dry ice and the skin, eyes, or mouth.Always use properly insulated gloves when handling dry ice.Always use dry ice in a well-ventilated area. Although dry ice and carbon dioxide are nontoxic, since it can sink and displace air near the ground the use of dry ice may present a respiratory hazard. Also, when it mixes with the air, theres more carbon dioxide (less oxygen) in each breath. Do not eat or swallow dry ice.Never seal dry ice in glass jars or other closed containers. The pressure buildup may result in breakage or bursting.

Kurtzs Affect on Other Characters in Heart of Darkness...

We are always taught to appreciate the little things in life; the things that don’t seem to have much of significance at first but end up meaning the world to us. These small things have a value so great but so hidden that they are usually taken a granted for. In The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, there are a few characters that aren’t present in the book for a large amount of time but have a great affect on the story. Kurtz is one of these characters. Kurtz is introduced towards the end of the story but he has an affect on the action, the theme and the other characters development even when he isn’t present. Kurtz is a power hungry man who achieved his power by getting into the ivory business and using shady techniques. He also†¦show more content†¦Darkness is a major theme in The Heart of Darkness. Kurtz is unaware of his own darkness which leads to his downfall. He cannot see what kind of person he has become and how the darkness of the jungle ha s completely taken over him. The jungle is so secluded and mysterious that it actually influences Kurtz’s bad behavior. Kurtz becomes greedy and powerful but never realizes that this behavior is bringing him down until he is on the verge of death. Kurtz last words, â€Å"The horror! The horror!†(63) show Kurtz’s realization that the darkness had consumed him. Kurtz himself is one of the biggest examples of darkness in this book. The final thing Kurtz had an affect on was the other characters development; specifically Marlow’s. Marlow spent his journey on the Congo listening to so many stories about Kurtz that he becomes obsessed with meeting him. At one point in the story, Marlow finds out there is a possibility that Kurtz is dead and he admits that, â€Å"For the moment that was the dominant thought. There was a sense of extreme disappointment, as though I had found out I had been striving after something altogether without a substance† (41). When Marlow finally meets Kurtz he is a little disappointed. He finds out that Kurtz actually isn’t as amazing as he expected. Marlow is thrown a back but doesn’t give up complete hope. When Kurtz dies, and says his final words, Marlow realizes thatShow MoreRelated Elements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness1263 Words   |  6 PagesElements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In both Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness certain elements of darkness attempt to show how deep one must look inside themselves to discover the truth. Conrad portrays the idea of the darkness of the human heart through things such as the interior of the jungle and its immensity, the Inner Station, and Kurtzs own twisted deeds. Coppolas heart of darkness is represented by the madness of the Vietnam War and how even to lookRead MoreHeart of Darkness vs. Apocalypse Now Essay816 Words   |  4 Pages In Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now, both Joseph Conrad and Francis Ford Coppola create similar statements through their creations as they both centralize their views upon the effects of environmental changes that affect the human condition. The film Apocalypse Now vaguely reflects a similar message pursued by Conrad’s novella, due to the difference in time period, place setting, and circumstances in which the film was created. Conrad wrote his nove lla during British colonization, focusingRead More Apocalypse Now vs Heart of Darkness Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesinspiration, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. While the basic elements of imperialism and human nature remain intact, the characters of the film bare little resemblance to their literary counterparts. The film serves as a re-interpretation of Conrad’s novella, updated from 19th-century British imperialism in the Congo to a critique of 20th-century U.S. imperialism in Southeast Asia. Coppola’s changes in setting and plot structure, however, force the film to sacrifice the character development so crucialRead MoreHeart of Darkness/Blood Diamond Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesin his novella Heart of Darkness and Edward Zwick’s post-colonial film Blood Diamond, the values driving the major characters and factions from the different texts are comparably similar. In both texts, there are individuals showcasing major facets motivated by greed, obsessed with the stimulus that is presented in either century. In Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the character ‘Kurtz’ is primarily stimulated by greed. His obsession with ivory was at an extreme where main character ‘Marlow’ refersRead MoreEssay on Imperialism- Conrads Heart of Darkness1162 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressive processes have affected societies as well as individual lives for centuries. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, oppression through imperialism demonstrates how a certain civilization, the Congolese, is affected negatively by imperialism. By focusing on Africa, it allows for a graphic recount of the many years spent reigned by foreign oppressors and tyrannies. In Heart of Darkness, the Congo is oppressed by the imperialists economically and geographically. As well, the oppressed peopleRead MoreFrancis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now: a Tran slation of Heart of Darkness2241 Words   |  9 Pagesnovel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. However the word ‘based’ as to be called into question as the two differ quite dramatically. The periods in which the two stories are about are completely different, within 70 years of each other, as is the setting and the circumstances. However, through the ideas of savagery and madness character, plot, and the themes which both pieces seem to convey the two stories are very similar and it is clear that Coppola was heavily influenced by Conrad’s Heart of DarknessRead MoreSignificant Elements Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1326 Words   |  6 PagesConrad’s novella ‘Heart of Darkness’ are appropriated into Francis Ford Coppola’s film ‘Apocalypse Now’ in the setting of the jungles of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. As the title suggests, Conrad’s novel deeply explores the ‘darkness’ potentially inherent in people’s hearts. Heart of Darkness is set on the Congo River during the European occupation of Africa. Conrad explores the effect of exploitation on humanity. Similarly, Coppola’s film explores the metaphorical ‘darkness’ in Vietnam that causesRead More The Imperial Aspect of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay840 Words   |  4 Pages Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is the tale of Charlie Marlow, a sailor whose journey is through the African Congo in search of ivory; however, the story is told on a boat at the mouth of the Thames River. The protagonist in Heart of Darkness not only tells the story of his journey through the African Congo, but also personifies the European imperial attitude at the time of the novellas release in 1902. Conrad uses Marlow, Kurtz and the listeners aboard the Nellie as advocates; of a free andRead MoreImperialism And Colonialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1302 Words   |  6 PagesAcross many countries, authors have showcased how societal structures such as imperialism and colonialism can affect the way in which an individual experiences the world. Those born into the so-called â€Å"First World† countries have been privileged in that they have not felt the burden of such societal structure, as compared to those born into those â€Å"Second World† countries. The se individuals have dealt with the pressures of Westernized society in such a way that their entire way of life has been transformedRead MoreEssay The Bright Side of the Darkness549 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion: In undesirable situations, how does positivity affect individuals? â€Å"Look on the bright side.† In efforts to consol those in undesirable situations, it is natural to urge them to be optimistic. Positivity is thought, by the law of attraction, to yield beneficial outcomes. As psychologist Barbara Fredrickson found the â€Å"tipping-point† of positivity is â€Å"the exact moment when you’ve got enough of it to outweigh the negative and help you to operate at your happiest and most successful† (Onderko)

Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry Free Essays

Introduction Technological development has led to formulation of quite a number of strategies aimed at elevating marketing in line with the current electronic age. Amazon and eBay provide us with a perfect example to the extent to which e-commerce can help in the continued growth of business. In the traditional marketing strategy, the model used is the Four P’s model. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is, there has to be product, place, price and promotion. The commodity offered on the market to attract attention or intended to be offered for acquisition is the product. When you have your product you must also have the platform which will act as the venue of meeting between the targeted client and the product in question. The value attached to the product and which is the target channel to the generation of revenue is the price. The price attached or tagged on the product need not necessarily be the price at which it is sold. This is because the process of selling is subject to many constraints, bargaining being one of them. Customers or targeted customers need information about the product, its characteristics and distinguishing features in order to make their purchases. Promoting the product therefore helps in ensuring that this role is played. It ensures awareness of the product by the potential customers. It is done in several ways. Advertising is one of the ways through which this promotional activity is carried out. The model applied in e-commerce strategy is more complex than what we have discussed above. However,   Ã‚  it is good to also note that it is very essential; that both traditional model and this advanced model be fused together in order to create a smooth transition without leaving a hanging gap. According to Allen and Fjermestad, integrating the new strategic frameworks with the traditional marketing model a more thorough framework can be developed. Due to great expansion that has been seen in the area of internet use, which means that the number of internet users has immensely increased, there is need to come up with a model that can serve the needs of all these customers so that businesses do not lose the goodwill of the very customers whose satisfaction the existence of the business depends on. If the satisfaction of the customers is not assured then the business can be sure to lose their confidence yet it is fundamental that the business reassures every customer of satisfaction. In fact, information apart from providing awareness, it is a product on its own.   It is therefore important to examine the problems that the e-commerce faces by critically looking at the marketing mix. In addition the four P’s do not lose meaning but rather the gain meaning. Data required As we have indicated above, data is a product on itself in addition to being a means of creating awareness to the benefit of a given product offered by a company. The product can either be a service or a good. Companies in need of obtaining data through quick online connection need to license eBay Market Data. After licensing eBay Market Data, they can access AERS (Advanced Economic Research Systems) data services online. Companies can get online quickly with time tested search technologies that produce correct analysis using the most efficient techniques possible. Before we look into the kind of data a company would need it is good to understand the setting in which the data will be situated. Allen and Fjerstand go ahead to state that the development in technology has allowed the information about the product or service to be separated from the product or service itself (Allen and Fjerstand). This, they say, has three elements: content, context and infrastructure. Content is what is being sold and could be information, service or a physical product. Context is how the product is presented for exchange. This method of presentation is vital to winning the consumer loyalty. Once the consumer loyalty is won, there is assurance of large and similar transactions taking place. Infrastructure on the other hand is the way in which the buyer and the seller are brought together in order for the transaction to be executed. There is need to understand that mentioning marketing we must have two kinds of information. We must have consumer information and product information. Therefore the data required falls under the two categories of information. The consumer has to be equipped with the full information about the product before making good the urge to purchase. In addition, the fact that the whole process internet selling is quite intangible increases the risk involved. The seller also needs to have information about the buyers. It is important that the seller understands the location of the customer, preferences and tastes. The customer will also need to know about shipping, physical features of the product on offer. Location of the data Advanced Economic Research Systems provide a wide range of data systems which in turn provide location for access of data. The following are some of the data systems that can act as location for data. eBay Category Structure Lookups eBay Smart Search Technology eBay Demographics Data Systems eBay Market Research (Customized Reporting) eBay Shipping Data Systems The method used to inquire about the information is just a click on the mouse and the navigator takes you to the required center. Analysis of the data It is vital that correct information is gathered concerning the customer or the product. If this is not done, there is possibility of collecting the wrong information thereby either buying the wrong product or providing buyers with the wrong product. Coming up with a comprehensive marketing is a challenge which has several advantages that give a strong of go on. It allows reduced warehousing by the companies thereby reducing storage costs and holding costs and reduced inventory costs due to automation. Internet selling is just to all companies big and small since any company is able to operate internet. There is possibility for companies to reach customers who are far away and who the company would otherwise not have the ability to sell to in their localities. Internet has enabled a one to one marketing in addition to creating room for 24-hour operation. Lastly, it provides a unique form of market research for information about the market. The internet has also its own demerits. The rapid growth in internet use has made it difficult for the companies to cope with high demand and manage distribution. Secondly, it is possible for transactions to take to long before being executed. This is because it is easier for buyers to forget after making an order due to dalliance. Lastly, apart from the fact that it could hard to find some sites, there is a barrier created between the buyer and the company since the products can’t be seen in person. Achievement of any framework developed should be measured in terms of customer satisfaction such that its failure would be seen through its failure to satisfy the targeted customers.  In conclusion, we ca say that there has been an enormous increase in the demand for information which can be justified by the increase in internet connectivity. This means that there is need to be developed a strategy that will ensure effective management and sustained distribution to customers. Reference: Checking out. (2000, March- April). Harvard Business Review, p. 22 Mardesian, J. (1999, November 8). ‘The Web is no Shopper’s Paradise’. Fortune. Pp 189, 190 How to cite Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry, Essay examples

Public Health in 1665 Essay Example For Students

Public Health in 1665 Essay Ring around a roses, A pocket full of Poses, A tissue! A tissue! We all fall down! Even today, children innocently chant this old nursery rhyme, bringing the old saying into reality, Ignorance is Bliss. Its eerie, to think that this old rhyme in fact gives a perfect description of one of Europes worst nightmares, the Great Plague. Many people forget the horrors of the Plague, and when they do remember and think about it, Public heath is rarely a factor that plays a big part when people start to think things through. There were quite a few public health measures in 1665 the time of the plague. However, how many of these measures worked? An important fact to remember is that in those times, opinions and actions were either based on or blamed on religion and superstition. For example, people started marching across the country, punishing themselves on the basis that the plague was the result of all of mans sin, whilst trying to persuade people of their cause. Also, charms were used by some cultures, such as the Abra Kadabra charm, which was either carved, or worn as protective jewellery to ward off the evil spirits causing the plague. It looked similar to the image below. A B R A K A D A B R A B R A K A D A B R R A K A D A B A K A D A K A D A One measure they had was that of the red cross. This is where they would paint a red cross on the doors of people who were diagnosed with the plague. I think this would have worked because it would let people know who had the plague, so that they could avoid falling ill themselves. A law was made, saying that once someone was ill with the plague they were to stay in their house. Anyone who happened to live in the same house as the unfortunate soul was also locked in, with fear that they could spread the disease. Beggars were not allowed to wonder the streets at anytime, and were executed immediately for doing so without a given reason. All of these, although sensible ideas (apart from the execution..) would not contribute towards public health, as the disease was not contagious in the human community. It was in fact passed on from fleas living on black rats, but this knowledge had not yet been developed. If someone was bitten by this flea, then their life expectancy from that moment would be between 23-29 days. Examiners were appointed by people of high medical authority. It would be their task of travelling around England, checking to see who had the plague, and ensuring that the correct orders were being fulfilled by the town. I think that this would have helped to make things more organized, which on the whole would make a big difference, because people would be aware of which towns to avoid. However negative my views on the Public Health situation in 1665 might sound, I would hate for anybody to get the idea that the medical procedures and scientific methods were completely useless. Although very strict with laws, crime and punishment, the government took pride in being organized. They took this to the point of searching bodies, apparently to ensure everyone was dead before burial. One conspiracy is that they were in actual fact looking for valuables that could be useful, or else sold for a great profit. Despite their unintentional propaganda, many citizens were buried alive, simply because there was no known cure for the disease. Now, in the process of this, the corpses were counted, and accurate records were taken of the plague victims. This was effective in positive ways, because it encouraged the government to be more efficient when it came to statistics. .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 , .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .postImageUrl , .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 , .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:hover , .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:visited , .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:active { border:0!important; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:active , .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879 .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6619944b86afb9b4ebf5dbb3e66ac879:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: True Brand Loyalty EssayAll in all, the public health measures in action throughout the plague did indeed work, and were effective in both positive and negative ways. .

Lady Macbeth Is Worse Than Macbeth Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Lady Macbeth Is Worse Than Macbeth In my position, Lady Macbeth is far worse than Macbeth. Although they both think of slaying King Duncan every bit shortly as they hear the enchantresss prognostications, Macbeth thinks more about what he may or may non make, whereas Lady Macbeth instantly entreaties to evil liquors to give her the strength to kill Duncan. When Macbeth foremost hears the prognostications, and when the first 2/3 of it comes true, he does believe of killing the male monarch, but besides, towards the terminal of Act 1, Scene 3, he thinks that possibly he doesn t necessitate to make anything to go the male monarch: # 8220 ; If opportunity will hold me king, why, opportunity may coronate me without my stir. # 8221 ; On the other manus, Lady Macbeth, on having the missive stating her about the enchantresss prognostications, she instantly thinks that she and Macbeth will hold to kill king Duncan. We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Macbeth Is Worse Than Macbeth Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She besides decides that Macbeth is excessively nice to kill the male monarch, sayin that he # 8220 ; is excessively ful o the milk of human kindness # 8221 ; and when she hears the Duncan will see their palace that dark, she instantly entreaties to the evil liquors, to ( ironically ) give her the strength to kill the male monarch. In Act 1, Scene 7, Macbeth is doubtfull of Lady Macbeth s secret plan to kill the male monarch. He doesn t think that he will be able to populate with the guilt of killing his male monarch while he is remaining under hello s really roof, and so decides that he will non kill the male monarch. This shows that Macbeth is believing about what he is traveling to make, and shows that he does experience guilt and is weighing up the state of affairs, unlike Lady Macbeth who neer thinks twice about killing the male monarch. When Lady Macbeth notices that Macbeth has left the room, she goes to talk to him. Macbeth steadfastly tells her that they will non kill the male monarch: # 8220 ; we will continue no farther in this concern # 8221 ; . Lady Macbeth, nevertheless, tells him that his love is worth nil if he refuses to travel through with the program, stating that his love is every bit accountable as his indecision. Macbeth wants his married woman to love him and wants her to swear him, so he agrees to travel through with their program. The manner Macbeth inquiries and thinks about killing the male monarch shows that he knows that killing the male monarch is incorrect and that he will experience guilty if he does so. On the other manus, Lady Macbeth neer inquiries or concerns about killing the male monarch. She neer worries that they will be caught and neer concerns that she will experience guilty. Unlike Macbeth, she neer weighs up what they are traveling to make and alternatively leap directly into it without believing. This shows that Lady Macbeth is far worse than Macbeth, because Macbeth thinks about what he is making, whereas Lady Macbeth jumps directly into it, blinded by her ain aspiration.

Spanish Phrases Referring to Parts of the Body

Spanish Phrases Referring to Parts of the Body In Spanish, you can open your ears as well as your eyes, and something that fits perfectly is like a ring on a finger instead of a glove on a hand. The language has hundreds of phrases and colloquial expressions that include the names of body parts. Here are some of the most common or interesting; each phrase below is followed by a literal translation and then a common English translation followed by a sample sentence. Note that many of the sentence translations are not literal. Brazo (Arm) dar el brazo a torcer (to give ones arm to be turned) - to give up, to be persuaded - Era el equipo que no dio el brazo a torcer en busca del gol. (It was the team that never gave up in pursuit of the goal.)nacer con un pan bajo el brazo (to be born with a loaf of bread under the arm) - to be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth - La hija de los actores nacer con un pan bajo el brazo. (The actors daughter will be born with a silver spoon in her mouth.) Cabeza (Head) andar de cabeza (to be heady) - to be busy, to have a full plate - Solo son las 11 de la maà ±ana y ya ando de cabeza. (Its only 11 a.m. and already Im swamped with plenty to do.)andar mal de la cabeza (to be bad in the head) - to be crazy, to not think straight - Creo que yo no soy el que anda mal de la cabeza. (I know Im not the one who needs my head examined.)cabeza frà ­a (cool head) - said of someone who remains calm or rational - La expulsià ³n del jugador es totalmente justificada. Nunca tiene la cabeza frà ­a. (The players expulsion is totally justified. Hes always a hot head.)cabeza hueca (hollow head) - said of someone stupid - La persona de madurez no tiene la cabeza hueca. (The mature person isnt an air head.) One common synonym is cabeza de chorlito, equivalent of the English bird brain. Other synonyms include cabeza de melà ³n (melon head) and cabeza de calabaza (pumpkin head). Cerebro (Brain) cerebro de mosquito (mosquito brain) - bird brain, stupid person - Parece que tu cerebro de mosquito no te deja comprender lo que yo escribà ­.  (It seems that your bird brain doesnt let you understand what I wrote you.)cerebro gris (gray brain) - someone who is in charge behind the scenes. - El profesor niega ser el cerebro gris del presidente. (The professor denies being the hidden brains behind the president.)lavar el cerebro (to wash the brain) - to brainwash, although the Spanish term doesnt always come across as pejorative as the English one - Me lavà ³ el cerebro y me convencià ³ de irnos a festejar Aà ±o Nuevo. (She brainwashed me and convinced me to go with her to celebrate New Years.) Codo (Elbow) codo con codo, codo a codo (elbow to elbow) - side by side; in cooperation with others - Estudiaron codo a codo por una hora. (They studied together for an hour.)empinar el codo, levantar de codo (to lift ones elbow) - to drink alcoholic beverages - Despuà ©s de la pesca, empinaron el codo y se durmieron. (After fishing, they drank a few and fell asleep.) Dedo (Finger) chuparse el dedo (to suck ones thumb) - to be naive, foolish or unknowledgeable; to see someone else as such - No me digas que tu perro comià ³ tus tareas.  ¡No me chupo el dedo! (Dont tell me the dog ate your homework. I wasnt born yesterday!)como anillo al dedo (like a ring on a finger) - perfectly timed or perfectly suitable for the situation - La oportunidad vino como anillo al dedo. (The opportunity came to me at the perfect time.)no tener dos dedos de frente (to not have two fingers of a forehead; the phrase comes from a time when it was believed that the size and shape of the forehead was an indicator of intelligence) - to be stupid, to be as smart as a fence post, to not be the sharpest tool in the shed, etc. - El que se crea eso no tiene dos dedos de frente. (Whoever believes that isnt very bright.)sin mover un dedo (without moving a finger) - without lifting a finger - Es posible tener à ©xito en los negocios sin mover un dedo. (It is possible to be successful i n business without lifting a finger.) tapar el Sol con un dedo (to hide the sun with ones finger) - to ignore reality, to bury ones head in the sand - Tapa el sol con el dedo cuando trata de defender lo indefendible. (Hes ignoring reality when he tries to defend the indefensible.) Espalda (Back) cubrir las espaldas (to cover someones back) - to protect someone, to have someones back - Te cubro las espaldas. Todo est bajo control. (I have your back. Everything is under control.)volver la espalda (to turn ones back) - to turn ones back - No me respondià ³ antes me volvià ³ la espalda. (He did not answer me before turning his back on me.) Nariz (Nose or Nostril) darle en la nariz (to be given in the nose) - to be suspicious - Me da en la nariz que la respuesta de mi padre es no. (I have a suspicion that my fathers answer is no.)no ver ms all de sus narices (to not see beyond ones nostrils) - to not see beyond the end of ones nose - Esta generacià ³n de polà ­ticos no ve ms all de sus narices e intereses. (This generation of politicians cant see beyond their noses and own interests.) Oà ­do (Ear) abrir los oà ­dos (to open ones ears) - to pay attention - Los escolares abren los oà ­dos al cambio climtico. (Scholars are paying attention to climate change.)entrarle por un oà ­do y salirle por el otro (to go in one ear and out the other) - to go in one ear and out the other - Las palabras de su hermano le entraron por un oà ­do y le salieron por el otro, sin afectarla en absoluto (Her brothers words went in one ear and out the other without affecting her in the least.)prestar oà ­do (to lend an ear) - to pay attention - Elena no prestaba oà ­do a las disculpas. (Elena didnt pay attention to the excuses.) Ojo (Eye) costar un ojo de la cara (to cost an eye from ones face) - to cost an arm and a leg - Viajar al oriente del paà ­s te costar un ojo de la cara. (Traveling to the eastern part of the country will cost you an arm and a leg.)echar un ojo (to throw a look) - to take a look - Vamos a echar un ojo a lo que dice. (Were going to take a look at what hes saying.)en el ojo del huracn (in the eye of the hurricane ) - in the center of a controversy, in the center of the storm - Le diseà ±adora est en el ojo del huracn por la extrema delgadez de sus modelos. (The designer is in the hot seat because of the extreme thinness of her models.)tener ojo de lince (to have a lynx eye) - to have good vision, literally or figuratively; to have eagle eyes - Nuestro contador tiene ojo de lince para detectar pequeà ±as  irregularidades. (Our accountant has eagle eyes for finding tiny irregularities.) Pecho (Chest, Breasts) dar pecho, dar el pecho (to give the breast) - to breastfeed -  ¿Necesitan proteccià ³n institucional las mujeres que dan el pecho en pà ºblico? (Do women who breastfeed in public need institutional protection?)tener un corazà ³n que no le cabe en el pecho (to have a heart too big to fit in his/her chest) - to be big-hearted or generous - En ms de una ocasià ³n ha demostrado que tiene un corazà ³n que no le cabe en el pecho. (More than once she has shown herself to be very generous.) Pie y Cabeza (Foot and Head) de pies a cabeza (from feet to head) - from head to toe - Mi hijo est tatuado de pies a cabeza con varios diseà ±os. (My son is tattooed from head to toe with various designs.)sin pies ni cabeza (without feet nor head) - making no sense; without rhyme or reason - El puente a ninguna parte es un proyecto sin pies ni cabeza. (The bridge to nowhere is a senseless project.) Pierna (Leg) dormir a pierna suelta (to sleep with a leg that is free to move; the phrase comes from the days when prisoners would sleep better if their legs werent chained to prevent escape) - to sleep like a log - Nuestro bebà © dormà ­a a pierna suelta y no se despertà ³ nunca por el ruido. (Our baby slept like a log and never woke up because of the noise.)hacer piernas (to do legs) - to get exercise - Hace 15 aà ±os, cuando empecà © a entrenar, me dije, No necesito hacer piernas porque ya tengo mà ºsculos muy grandes. (Fifteen years ago, when I began training, I told myself, I dont need to exercise because I already have big muscles.)

The Impact of Energy Drinks on the Army Research Proposal

The Impact of Energy Drinks on the Army - Research Proposal Example Nearly 118 years ago, the U.S Army made its initial efforts to nurture and use an organized physical training program. One of the main facts acting as a driver is the program development and all later enhancements which remain unaltered. From the initial years, the preponderance of new entrants to the U.S. Army does not have the adequate physical fitness levels for carrying out their duties more efficiently in a combat. Since the birth of U.S. Army in 1775, this has been the case and at the end of the Civil War, this was more apparent. For preparing its soldiers for combat, the U.S. Army has recurrently fine-tuned its fitness regimen. FM 21-20 Physical training has been the unique source of physical training perused by U.S. army since 1941. The outdated FM 21-20 physical training was replaced by Army Physical Readiness Training in March 2010. United States Army doctrine considers the effect of physical fitness as a significant factor which has the direct impact on mission preparednes s. U.S army learned hard lessons from Korean War as the deployment of 540, not well-trained soldiers were routed by the North Korean army. As per U.S. Department of Army, an army’s unit physical training program should be footed upon the unit’s most physically demanding skills, the program should include activities like foot marching for shorter distances like 3 to 5 miles under fighting load, loading and lifting equipment, organizing for impediment course negotiation and movement strategies for individuals.

Integrated Marketing Communications Management of Red Bull Essay

Integrated Marketing Communications Management of Red Bull - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that private label market is steadily expanding the world over. In the USA, the private labels have also been growing at a significant rate. Although the growth is relatively slower in gaining the market foothold in comparison to the European nations such as in Britain and Portugal. Since 2003 the private label in the United States has increased by about 60%, compared to 23% growth rate for the overall US retail drinks and food industry. As a result, the percentage of the market value that the private labels account for is19% up from about 15% in 2003. Red Bull Canadian market share is approximately 50% and the sales are about $ 22 million. The annual retail revenue is $ 44 million. Red bull manufacture distributes and markets its products in over 120 countries worldwide with a global profit sales amounting to $2 billion per year. The US market share is estimated 46% with a retail sales turnover of $US248 million. In the beverage market, Re d Bull has a tremendous success that earns it to be a brand leader in the industry. The company sees itself as an â€Å"anti-brand† company receiving unrelenting praise from its loyal customers. In addition, Red Bull sponsors numerous sports events, teams, and sportsmen such as the current sponsorship of World Car, Rally Championships, and world motorsport competitions. In these competitions, Red Bull sponsors three teams namely Red Bull Racing, Scuderia Toro and Rosso Racing all of which Red Bull is the highest owner.

Vicarious Liability -Legal Aspects in Health Care Essay - 1

Vicarious Liability -Legal Aspects in Health Care - Essay Example In legal terms, this act is referred to as vicarious liability. It allows for holding an employer responsible for the persons working under their instructions irrespective of whether they are employees or independent contractors, whether they committed the crime intentionally, unintentionally, neglectfully or with criminal oriented intentions. In common knowledge, the boss or an employer, who in other words is the employing authority, should take liability. This is because ideally, the employer has the fattest bank accounts compared to their employees, has the ability to access insurance indemnity and by virtue of the authority bestowed upon it, it can encourage its personnel to use the medical etiquette and ethics professionally. Just as a parent is liable for his/her child’s mistake, the medical care organization should take vicarious liability (Devine, 2009) Lawmedconsultant.com observes that Ellis Memorial hospital, located in Tarpon Springs, Florida was served with two medical lawsuits of professional negligence. Shirley Reth brought two-consolidated lawsuits on behalf of the estate of Reth. The suits concerned Sean Reth who had undergone an unsuccessful aesthetical surgery at the hospital in March 2006 but died three days later due to Anesthesia Medical personnel’s malpractices, as Reth argued in the summons. This led to insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the patients’ brain, medically referred as cerebral ischemia, along with intra-operative cardiac arrest, in other words, heart attack. In this case, Anesthetic associates of North Pinellas PA, PA, Teresa catsos CRNA, Hugh Siegel, CRNA together with Glen Syperda, D.O. an Anesthesiologist and the hospital were the defendants. Even if the defendants were not directly employed by the hospital, it was the hospital’s responsibility to take the initiative and bear the brunt of the personnel that was working under its instructions. According to Reth the barrister, Mr. Reth’s death

Nursing Care Plan for Elderly Woman with Shortness of Breath

Nursing Care Plan for Elderly Woman with Shortness of Breath Fortis College Nursing Care Plan Patient Demographics Student: _Brenda Davis_____ Clinical Site: __JVH_______ Date: ___08/06/2014_______________ Client Initials: __E.D.__ Age: __65_______ Weight: _75.7 kg Height: ___69________in. Primary Language:_English____ Religion: _LDS, active in church__ Culture: __Retired lives with daughter and son-on law, they are at the bedside off and on throughout the day____________________ Admitting Diagnosis: ___Pneumoia_________________________________________________________ Secondary Diagnosis: __Hypoxia___________________________________________________________ Allergies Reactions: __No Allergies_______ Code Status: DNR_____ Physician:__Chandler________ Physical Assessment LABS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS MEDICATIONS References Ackley, B. J. Ladwig, G. B. (2014). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. (10th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Jordan Valley Hospital, Electronic medical records, West Jordan UT. Lewis, S.,Heitkemper, M., Dirksen, S., O’Brien, P., Bucher, L. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Elsevier. Pagana, KathleenDeska,Pagana, Timothy J. (2010). Mosbys Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests (4thed). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Skidmore-Roth, Linda, (2012) Mosbys Drug Guide for Nurses, with 2012 Update: 9th Edition

Flyboy, Inc :: essays research papers

Flyboy, Inc Flyboy, Inc which is successful manufacturer of aircrafts wants to expand its market to Pumonia.(a small oil rich kingdom that was once an Italian colony). The government would be the principal purchaser, along with some royalty private families. It is not possible for Flyboy to enter the marker without a local representative. Flyboy is aware that â€Å"grease payments† and lavish gifts to customer is Pamonia is customary. Before Flyboy can make any decisions in expanding to Pamonia, several aspects need to be carefully analyzed and planned out, to avoid future troubles and make a smooth transaction. Both the advantages and disadvantages of this transaction should be considered. Typically the advantages of effectively expanding abroad outweigh the disadvantages and therefore the advantages will only be boldly stated. More time will be spent in analyzing in more detail the minuses of this transaction and showing how these disadvantages can be overcome by Flyboy. The two major advantages of Flyboy moving into Pamonia include: The opportunity for Flyboy to expand its geographic scope of its marketing. And the local presence permits Flyboy to maintain the aircrafts sold abroad, which can lead to better customer service and translate in to customer loyalty and satisfaction. This by the same token crates an increase in revenue. On the other side of the coin- the disadvantages or not so attractive side of the transaction are the following: By setting up and hiring agents (dependent or independent) the company has subject itself to local laws and regulations. There are many different international laws that help out a firm when entering a new foreign market, but there are just as many new host country regulations that Flyboy should consider before making any critical decisions. An example of one of the regulations that Flyboy should consider, especially if it will be in charge of marketing, is the regulations for advertising abroad. Adverting regulations are established so the host country can make sure that the new company complies with regulation such as publishing the truth in advertising, the language used in the ads, and so they can have some control over the specific content. Flyboy should have very well planned marketing strategies and local marketing considerations. Since many of the advertising regulations abroad are not even a stated law, but rather an industry code observed by the local marketing organizations; the best thing any new foreign company should do is seek legal advice from local practitioners and fashion local advertising appropriately.

Hardware and Software Requirements For an IT system Essay

For this assignment we have to produce a report on the types of hardware and software requirements, and their purposes, for an IT system. In the context of this essay I have decided that bullet point form along with brief descriptions and graphics is the best way to present this assignment. 6 STAGE MODEL Shown above is the six-stage model, showing the processes undertaken by a computer system. Below is what each of my pictures represents: * Mouse: Input Device * The Tower: Central Processing Unit * Monitor: Output Device * Floppy Disk: Backing Store * Head: Main Memory * Telephone: Communications Devices e.g. Internet Input Devices and Techniques ‘Input devices are the means whereby computers can accept data or instructions’ (Heathcott P M, 2000, p 159) * Keyboard: The keyboard is the most commonly used of all input devices. It can be used for a various number of tasks, form entering programs, to typing documents using a word processor, or entering a persons personal details etc. * Mouse: The mouse and its variants such as the trackball is well known with all PC users. * Scanner: A scanner can be used to scan graphical images and photographs, and software can then be used to edit or touch up the images. Scanners can also be used to read typed or hand-writtten documents and this can then be interpreted by using OCR software, which can then export it to a word processor or data file. Scanners can also be used to input large volumes of data on pre-printed forms such as credit card payments, where the customers account number and amount paid are printed at the bottom of the payment slip. * Web Cam: This transfers images onto the screen. In can be used via the internet for video conferencing or you can even pre-record messages and send them via E-mail. * Bar Code Reader: Bar codes appear on almost everything we buy, whether it is a new CD or a tin of bins. The pattern of thick thin lines represents the 13 – digit number underneath the bar code. There are four main pieces of information on a bar code. The first few two or three digits represent in which country the product was registered. The next five digits represent the manufacturer’s code. The second group of five numbers represents the product and package size. The last digit is a check digit, which is calculated from the other digits in the code and ensures that the barcode is keyed in or read correctly. A very similar process to that used in the ASCII code where the spare digit is used as the parity. A Product Bar Code * Light Pen: A light pen is a device which incorporates a light sensor so that when it is held close to a screen over a character or part of a graphic, the object is detected and can be moved to create or modify graphics. * Microphone: An input devise for sound recording. * OMR (Optical Mark Recognition): An Optical Mark Reader can detect marks made in present positions on a form. The most common example of this is the lottery. It is also widely used for marking, multiple choice exams and market research questionnaires. * OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Light is emitted, bounced back and then received. This is how the OCR reads its characters. The light emitted is in different resolutions depending on the character. OCR is used widely in services such as gas and electricity etc. * MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition): All banks use MICR for processing cheques. Along the bottom of a cheque the banks sort code, customer account number and cheque number are encoded in special characters in magnetic ink. The amount of the cheque is encoded in magnetic ink when it is handed in at the bank. The cheques can then be processed by MICR devices that read, sort and store the data on disk. MICR has several advantages for processing cheques: 1. It is hard to forge the characters 2. The characters can be read even if the cheque is crumpled, dirty or smudged 3. The characters are readable by humans, unlike bar codes The disadvantage of MICR though is the expense. This is why you don’t find many other examples of it being used. * Swipe Cards: Swipe cards are operated by using a magnetic strip. They are used in credit cards, debit cards, railway tickets, phone cards and many others. The magnetic strip can be encoded with upto 220 characters of data and other 83% of adults in Britain own at least one card. Unfortunately because there are only 220 characters of data this makes the cards very easy to copy, which is why the strips will eventually, disappear and be replaced by a chip, which is almost impossible to fake. Something slightly similar to the smart card. * Smart Cards: Smart cards are of a similar appearance to that of the swipe cards, but instead of using the magnetic strip they contain a small 1-millimeter square microprocessor which is stored in the centre of the card. This is then protected by a small gold electrical contact the card can still read information through this. Unlike the swipe card the smart cards can hold millions of characters of data. In the future banks hope to replace all the swipe cards with a ‘Super card’ which will also be able to be used to pay for smaller goods such as milk and newspapers without the need to carry cash. This card will almost be unbreakable. In Belgium they already have a similar system working to this it is called the ‘Proton Card’, which incorporates the use of both magnetic strip and a microprocessor chip for bank withdrawals and payments of small goods. The Smart Card * Touch Sensitive Screens: A touch sensitive screen allows the user to touch an area of the screen rather than having to type the data on a keyboard. They are widely used in tourist centres, where tourists can look up various local facilities and entertainment’s, in fast food stores such as McDonald’s for entering customer orders, in manufacturing, and also bars. * Digitisers: A digitiser can draw quality illustrations. It has a flat rectangular slab onto which a stylus (anything that terminates in a point) is placed. Output Devices and Techniques ‘The ultimate aim of the computer is to produce useful information, the information that is produced by the computer is in binary digits, we therefore need devices to translate these into a form we can use’ (Corbitt T, 1990, p 11) * VDU: (Visual Display Unit) The VDU is similar in appearance to the television receiver, an alternative name is the monitor. VDUs have better resolution than TVs and therefore are better for graphical work. It has its own fixed amount of RAM (Random Access Memory) associated with it to store the image being displayed on the screen. So the more RAM it has the better the resolution displayed on the screen. The number of pixels used to represent a full-screen image determines the resolution. Example: If 1 bit represents each pixel then two colours can be displayed, so to display 256 colours you would need 8 bits (1byte) It is usually possible to adjust both the resolution and the number colours – if you select a high resolution you won’t be able to have as many colours because of the memory available on the VDU Printers The results of processing are usually required in printed form. Printers come in all shapes and sizes, there are two main categories of printers: * Impact Printers which transfer the image on to the paper by applying pressure against a ribbon onto the paper, this transfers ink form the ribbon to the paper forming the image * Non-impact Printers which produce the image on the paper without any contact. Impact Printers * Dot-matrix: The characters on this are formed by dots. The print head contains a number of needles, the more there are of these the better the quality of print. A head with nine needles would take seven horizontal movements to print a character, this printer would be said to have a seven-by-nine-character matrix. In the latest type near letter quality is produced by double printing. The line of type is printed, the head moves back to the beginning of the line, moves down fractionally and then prints the line a second time. This doubles the time taken to print a document. To overcome this more expensive models use twice the number of needles and near letter quality can be achieved with one pass of the head. The dot-matrix can also print out graphics and pictures of a basic quality. Dot-matrix printers, which can print in colour, are available, these use a ribbon which contains red, green and blue. Coloured output is obtained by repeated printing, repositioning of the paper, print head and ribbon. The dot-matrix can print between 30 and 200 characters per second (cps). * Daisy-wheel printers: The print head consists of flexible arms extending from a centre hub, the characters are at the tips of the arms. When printing the hub revolves bringing the required character next to the ribbon. Some daisy-wheel printers are bi-directional and the print head can turn in either direction so that quickest possible print time is achieved. The print can be changed so that different font styles can be used. Daisy wheel printers are unable to print graphics unlike the dot-matrix. It is capable of speed ranges 12 to 55 cps. Non-impact printers * Thermal printers: These use specially treated paper, which is affected by heat generated by the print head as it passes across the paper. The main advantages are that they are silent and fast, printing 30-120 cps. Disadvantages are that the paper is expensive and that the printed image degrades in time. * Ink-jet printer: With this type of printer the characters are formed on the paper by spraying it with a stream of ink dots. They are fast, printing 150-270 cps and almost soundless, the quality of print is very good. A Canon Bubble Jet Printer BJC7000 * Plotters: Plotters are used to produce drawings, diagrams and other types of graphical output. There are two varieties in use, the flatbed plotter which is used where accuracy is important and the drum plotter which is used for business applications. The flatbed type is fixed while the pen moves over the top of the device while the axis moves up and down, whilst the drum variety uses continuous stationery. In both types the pens, under the program control, are moved to the down position, the movement of the pens is then controlled to draw the image. There are from one to six pens, which can be used to output different colours. There is also the less commonly known graph plotter. This is most commonly seen in use for lie detector tests. * COM: (Computer Output on Microfilm) The problem of storing information on paper can be considerable in a large business. One way to solve this is to have output from the computer photographed as microscopic images directly onto microfilm. Two methods of storage are used, one put the information onto a roll of 16mm film while the other uses microfiche. Microfiche can store upto 100 pages of A4 on a single piece, to see it you must have a microfiche reader. The most recent examples of this being used is in libraries and in garages for checking car parts. Data can be stored onto microfilm directly from the computer or off line using magnetic tape as an intermediary store. * Voice output: The output of the computer can be given in spoken form by using voice synthesisers to transform words stored in the computer into human speech, this is great for disabled people who cannot speak as it allows them to communicate. The user can hear through a loudspeaker. Secondary device techniques A permanent, non-volatile form of storage is required by all computer systems to save software and data files. Magnetic tape, magnetic disks, CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), and microfilm are all examples of what is known as secondary storage. * Floppy disk: The standard 3 1/2†³ floppy disk is a thin, flexible plastic disk coated in metal oxide, enclosed in a rigid plastic casing for protection. A standard high density disk has a storage space of 1.44 Megabytes. * Hard Disks: The hard disk used with conventional PCs consists of one or more disk platters, which are permanently sealed inside a casing. Hard disks have a capacity of between 2Gb and 10Gb, though external hard drives can be plugged into the computer to provide extra storage space. For large-scale applications storing huge amounts of data, more hard disks would be used. The disks can be fixed or removable, although the fixed disks are more reliable and have more storage capacity. Data is stored on the concentric tracks, which are divided into sectors. Data is then stored in one of the sectors so that it minimises the movement of the read-write heads, thereby minimising access time. * CD-ROM: CD-ROMs can store around 680Mb of data, which is the equivalent of hundreds of floppy disks. CD-ROMs do not transfer data as quickly as the hard disk drive. As the name suggests the disks are read-only memory. Unlike a magnetic disk they are created by burning tiny holes into the surface of the disk, a laser beam is then reflected off the surface of the disk, detecting the presence or absence of pits, which represent the binary digits. * Worm disks (Write Once, Read Many): These look very similar to the CD-ROM in appearance but are gold rather than silver in colour. These disks can be used to write your own material and are ideal for archiving or storing images or data, which will not be changed. They are popular in the pirate industry because a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 blank disk can store upto à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 000 worth of software and sell for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½80. They are used by less reputable PC company’s which install the software onto the PC so they can charge the consumer more for the package. However because of the competition in the pirate industry at present many of these carry viruses which can cause chaos on the hard drive. * Magneto-optical disks: Magneto-optical disks integrate optical and laser technology to enable read and write storage. A 5 1/2†³ disk can store up to 1 Gb. These disks may in future replace current magnetic disks, but at present the technology is still developing and the disks are too expensive, slow and unreliable to be in widespread use. * Magnetic tape: Magnetic tape was developed in the 1950s and very quickly became the primary means of storing data. The data is stored on magnetic tape in the form of dots of magnetism. It is used widely for archiving past transactions or other data that may be needed again, for example, old news readings that have been collected over a number of years. * Jaz Drive: Two Gigabytes is a tape drive and a mass storage device mainly used for backing up large files or batches of files i.e. end of day transaction backup for banks or businesses Software requirements and techniques Software is the name given to the programs that direct the operation of the computer. It can be divided into two main groups, system software and applications software. System software is the programs required to run the computer system and applications software is the programs required to carry out a particular application such as stock control Systems software This is the software that the microcomputer system needs to run. In this group there are three divisions: operating systems, utilities and compilers/interpreters/assemblers. Operating systems: An operating system is a set of programs that allows the user to perform tasks without having to know how they are done. For example, a user can give a command to save a file on disk without having to know where the file will be stored or how it will be retrieved again. Applications programs are usually written to work with a particular operating system e.g. Excel will only work with Windows and not with Apple Mac, which has a different operating system. Utility programs: Utility programs perform common tasks that every computer user will need at one stage or another. They carry out such jobs as formatting and copying disks, deleting files from disks, sorting information into a required order, and to help with the testing of programs that have been written. Compilers, interpreters and assemblers: These are programs that translate the programming language that is used into a form that the computer can understand. Compilers work by translating the whole of the program from what is known as the source program into the object program which will be in a form that the computer can understand. Interpreters are programs that translate and execute source programs one statement at a time. An assembler is a program supplied by the computer manufacturer that will translate a program that was written in assembly language (low-level programming language) into machine code. Applications software: In large organisations that have a mainframe or minicomputer we would find that programmers were employed whose job it would be to write the programs for the applications that the organisation wished to have run on the computer, such as payroll, stock control or hospital appointments. The software may be designed specifically for one particular company and written especially for them using a programming language or software such as database management system. Alternatively, the software may be purchased ‘off the shelf’. General purpose software: Most general purpose software is sold as a package, including a CD containing the software. Below is the most common packages that you would find on the market to date: 1. Applications: spreadsheets, database, word processing, Desk Top Publishing 2. Presentation: CD based presentations (Power Point, Director) 3. Internet Publishing: web page development software (Front Page, Dreamweaver, Flash) 4. Programming Software: BASIC, Visual Basic, C++, Java, Pascal, HTML 5. Creation and Editing: Photo Shop, Paint Shop Pro, Premier, Coral Draw 6. Utility: Anti-virus, tidy and compression, Doctors. The newer computer systems will have these utilities on them already. Software such as word processing, spreadsheet and databases is sometimes refereed to as generic software. This means that many of the packages can be made to do many different tasks, and is not specifically for one type of application. The other types of application software such as stock control and payroll as mentioned before are special purpose because they have been designed to complete one particular task. Conclusion: I found this assignment very interesting and now feel I have a much sounder understanding off computer hardware and software. I would have liked to incorporate more images into the assignment as reference to each of the products described, but was unable to find all of the images that I required, and also had problems trying to transfer them from the internet. Apart from this I feel quite satisfied with the overall assignment and hope that I have entered all the data needed and presented it in a clear fashion. Bibliography Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom: Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), ‘A’ Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd References Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom: Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), ‘A’ Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd Michael Firmstone Tutor: Del Turney 14/11/01

Gay and Lesbian Theater

â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Theater† Gay and Lesbian themes were introduced into the theater before the 1960s. Long before homosexual characters were seen in American plays on a regular basis, there were isolated incidents when a gay or lesbian appeared in the plot; they were called freaks when doing so. Many people were often offended by homosexuality. Cross dressing was used in performances that raised concerns about sexual and gender roles: men dressed in drag and women wore men clothing. Festivals were used to educate and entertain audiences.The theater festival was introduced to spread awareness on issues, themes, and problems that deals with gay and lesbian lifestyles in the theater. Edward Albee, William Inge, and Tennessee Williams all introduced works in the mainstream. The mainstream theatre is embracing theatre with Gay and Lesbian themes. Sometimes the move forward is furiously examined by Gays and Lesbians, like for the various performances of straight Vivienne Laxdal à ¢â‚¬Ëœs Karla and Grif. Many gays and lesbians found it offensive for its stereotypical lesbian characters and others found it refreshing for its depiction of the fluidity of sexuality.Other works such as The Boys in the Band has been successful at bringing out this sexuality. In 1980 a play as such was proven to be enjoyable and considered a new kind of play. Dealing with issues of gays is being expressed more often. In certain dramas, lifestyles of gays and lesbians were forthrightly presented. A sense of urgency was engendered by the AIDS crisis and gay rights as another concerned issue. Viewing a play like this myself tells me that it’s very true. Many people came out to see La Cage Aux Folles when I believed it would not be interesting or crowded.Other people know if actors are gay, lesbian, or bisexual, but few people would disagree that the theater world is friendly toward a variety of nonconformist than most professional fields. Same-sex love has been associated with acting for over 2000 years in the west during Roman times. It has been said that these types of relationships are accepted in this type of profession because it’s considered the least respectful environment. Viewers are less likely to accept same-sex lovers than the company who hires them.The text stated that gay, lesbian, and bisexual actors support the Queer Theory considers the â€Å"performative† nature of gender: the idea that gender â€Å"identity† is actually nothing more than a â€Å"role† actor learns to do what’s necessary. Actors may be more skilled at their role with this type of experiment and not be judged by society, if that statement is true. Living double lives in the theater wasn’t very hard to do. Publicist often manipulated the media making easier for actors to do so. Actors such as Montgomery Clift, James Dean, Greta Garbo, Cary Grant, and Randolph Scott lived these constricted lives.The text stated that 29 percent of Am ericans would be â€Å"less interested† in seeing their favorite actor perform in a movie or TV show if they learned that he or she was â€Å"gay† in 1995. Many actors who were gay often didn’t want their named linked to anything they choose to provide to the media. Gay and lesbian actors are more seen in films and on stage a lot more today. Sexuality is still a question rather it should be should treated as heterosexuals would still remains. You can enjoy an ordinary film the same you would a film with homosexuals. As I stated early I’ve viewed a play with men dressed in drag as well as men dating women in a play.Their acting skills are just the same. Who or how they choose to live their personal lives doesn’t affect their acting skills. Some viewers still don’t agree with it along with critic but it’s amongst our society within all cultures. Bibliography Hischak, Gerald Bordman and Thomas S. â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Theatre in America . † 2004. The Oxford Companion to America Theater. 20 April 2010 ;http://www. encyclopedia. com;. ;. Hudson, Steve Hogan and Lee. Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia. Markham: Henry Holt and Company Inc. , 1998. Wilson, Edwin. The Theatre Experience. 11th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Learn English Essays

Learn English Essays Learn English Essay Learn English Essay A place where a child grows up is very important as it might have a great influence on it when it become older. Some people would agree that growing up in the countyside might be better for children as it is much healthier: the air is clean and the food is fresh. However, some people think it is better for a child to grow up in a big city as it makes a child more confident person and provides a child with better education. So, there are many differences between raising children in a big city to a mall town. Such as: the infrastructure, education and the health. First of all, the infrastructure in big city is much better than in the countryside. There are many highways and long, big bridges which make transportation ester. With so may transport means such as taxi, bus it is very easy for you to go anywhere at any time. Big schools, big hospitals equiped with modern facilities make the study and treating disease more effective. Living in big cities, children have good opportunities to learn n good schools and examine in good hospitals. Secondly, in a countryside a child do not really have a chance to get a good education. All qualified teachers and professors live and work in big cities because of better prospectives and Job opportunities. If children grow up in a countryside they might never be able to get a good education and thus they will have less chances to get a qualified Job in future. For example I have got a friend who grew up in the countryside and moved to HCM fter graduating from a countryside University. He had to enter University again because nobody was willing to accept his diploma. Good education may provide a person with a good qualified Job which is very important for personal development of any person. Finally, as a result of these pollutions, the health of most children in city is weak which leads to the various kinds of illnesses. Also crime and different kinds of accidents are making their life in the cities very dangerous , while the life in the ountryside is quiet and peaceful. Moreover, in the big cities it is very hard to find the natural meals, such as milk, without any chemical additions. In this way children who live outside of the big cities are luckier, as they have more opportunities to eat healthy and natural food. In conclusion, choosing the place where a child grows up is very important. And there are many differences between raising children in a big city to a small town. Such as: the infrastructure, education and the health.

Caffeine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Caffeine - Research Paper Example This means that caffeine has both positive and negative effects, the paper will concentrate on the history of caffeine, the advantages and disadvantages and the types of caffeine. Caffeine is a crystalline alkaloid which is usually white in color and is derived from tea or coffee. It exists in a group of compounds known as Xanthine. According to Smith (2009), it is also classified together with amphetamines and cocaine as a nervous system stimulant or an analeptic. Coffee is known worldwide as the biggest source of caffeine. Even though caffeine is also in cola beverages, cocoa, tea and in prescription medications coffee remains to be the only plant with the highest concentration of caffeine. Caffeine just like other drugs stimulates brain functions and excessive consumption can lead to overwhelming effects. This means that caffeine has both positive and negative effects, the paper will concentrate on the history of caffeine, the advantages and disadvantages and the types of caffeine. Caffeine has been used all around the world for countries. Each nation has its own source and story about caffeine. However, most research finding indicates that Ethiopia was the first source of coffee (Wessells, 2001). There was a folk story that was passed on from one generation to another about coffee. The story was that there was once a farmer who changed his goat’s grazing area and after moving the animals to the new grazing area he found out that the animals were now more restless.After noting the restlessness he began watching the animals every day. He realized that they were feeding on small berries these berries were coffee. Later on these berries we dried and referred to as coffee beans. The first time caffeine was ever extracted in Cocoa beans was in 1820, by Friedrich Ferdinand, a German scientist who was able to extract caffeine in its purest form. Currently, caffeine extracted has numerous purposes such

Sex Differences and Their Responses to Erotica Research Paper

Sex Differences and Their Responses to Erotica - Research Paper Example Also true. However, the media has reported less on whether the converse is true, in that men are adversely affected by idealized images of male bodies and penis sizes. The conventional wisdom there is that men probably are not affected by these images. This is partially true – men widely believe that their penis size is average or large, so media images of penis sizes do not affect how men view their genitalia. However, at least one study has shown that men do feel worse about their bodies after viewing other men with idealized bodies, so, perhaps, there is less of a gender inequity in this regard then was previously thought. This paper will explore all these topics in greater detail. How Media Environment Has Changed in the Past 50 or 60 Years The past 50 or 60 years has been marked by a changing standard of ideal beauty in society. According to Calabrese et al., the ideal has changed towards a thinner female body type, one that is unattainable by most women. This is seen in Playboy Magazine centerfold models, Miss America pageant winners and fashion models. As stated above, these ideals are impossible for many women to attain, which makes the average woman have dissatisfaction with their body and overall appearance, and poses risks to the female’s mental and physical health. Moreover, there has been a changing ideal of genital appearance, as viewed through pornography websites and the like. Females are increasingly exposed to these images through these websites. However, the pictures of the female genitalia have been increasingly digitally enhanced, rather than naturally occurring, which causes women further despair that their physicality does not match that which is ideal (Calabrese, et al., 2011). Calabrese et al., examined the impact on the evolution of both ideal body types and the depiction of female genitalia on how women think about themselves. They examined Playboy models from 1953 to 2007 to look at these changing ideals. 647 Playboy centerfold models were the subjects of this research. They found that a Barbie-like thinness has become the norm with the Playboy models and that, in fact, the female genitalia in these magazine spreads have been enhanced and perfected. Larger breasts, as displayed on both Barbie and the Playboy models, is another attribute of this new feminine ideal. Because of this changing ideal, Calabrese et al. states that the image of perfection and definition of physical beauty have changed, and what heterosexual men seek in their partners have also changed. Young girls are also affected, in that they gain a warped perception of the ideal female body type with they receive their first Barbie, and this perception of reinforced by these Playboy images (Calabrese et al.., 2011). Advertising The basis of advertising is simply drawing one's attention to something, or, on the other end, notifying or informing somebody of something (Dyer, 1989, p. 2). This is the basics of advertising. The way that this is accomplished is that the advertiser "magically induces" the consumer to buy the advertised product by selling a fantasy. This is because "we have a cultural pattern in which the objects are not enough but must be validated in fantasy by association with social and personal meanings which in a different cultural

Industrial Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Industrial Relation - Essay Example Restaurant businesses lack human resource management skills and resources and in turn employees lack union representation A penalty rate is an issue in the industrial relations facing by the restaurant industry (taken to also include cafà © operators and catering providers, but excluding large franchise operators). Penalty rates in particular have apparently caused restaurant owners cost difficulties. The employer pays the penalty for requiring workers to work at unsociable times such as late at night, weekends and public holidays. In the restaurant industry Saturday penalty rates are 1.25 times ordinary earnings, on Sundays the rate is 1.5 times, and on public holidays the rate is 2.5 times. Overtime, that is work beyond ordinary hours, also attracts penalty rates. The union view is that staff should not have to work at minimum wages during unsociable hours. The essential point of conflict for the restaurant industry is the need for some protection of the unskilled and vulnerable workforce contrasted with the need for restaurant owners to achieve an adequate level of business profit and return on equ ity in a very competitive and low margin business. This type of IR framework increases staff hiring pressure, because owners and managers face increased employment risks. The above trends indicate that penalty rates are likely to increase the risk of a restaurants failure. Small restaurant operators are very likely to use family members or ‘safe’ employees extensively to avoid industrial risks. The pluralist approach assumes that any employment relationship automatically has the potential for conflict and this is why effective conflict management so important, and this is the aim of Fair Work Australia. The role of the state is to protect the weak and to try and reconcile conflicting opinions and to keep conflict within

Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide for Unit 2 Essay Example for Free

Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide for Unit 2 Essay 1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found? Protons, neutrons, and electrons. In the nucleus and on the orbitals and sub-orbitals of the atom. 2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic #? Atomic mass # is the sum of all protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus. The atomic # is equal to the number of protons in an atom. 3) What is an isotope? Give an example (show how it is an isotope). An isotope is a radioactive form of an element or a form of an element with the same atomic # and the same amount of protons but a different atomic mass and a different amount of neutrons. An example would be deuterium. Its atomic number is 1 and it has 1 neutron. Its atomic mass number is 2 and it is an isotope of hydrogen. 4) Compare and contrast the 3 basic types of chemical bonds and give an example of each. Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen. Ionic bonds form between atoms with opposite electrical charges. An example of an ionic bond is sodium chloride. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share forming molecules. Carbon dioxide is an example of a covalent bond. Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between the positive, hydrogen side of one polar molecule and the negative side of another polar molecule. DNA is effected by hydrogen bonds. 5) Why is pH important in Anatomy? Low pH damage cells and tissues, alters proteins and interferes with normal physiological functions. High pH also causes problems, but occurs rarely. pH is highly important to anatomy because they intertwine with the internal maintenance of the body 6.9) Name the 4 main Organic Molecules in Biochemistry. Describe each one, and provide an example. What are the â€Å"building blocks† of each molecule? For example, protein = Amino Acid. The 4 organic molecules in biochemistry are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. The building blocks of the 4 molecules are as followed: Proteins = Amino Acids. Lipids= fatty acid and glycerol. Carbohydrates= monosaccharides, polysaccharides, disaccharides. Nucleic acids = nucleotides. 10) There are 4 levels of protein structure. What are the levels? How do the levels of a protein differ in structure and  function? The 4 levels of protein structure are: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The levels of proteins differ in structure in function as followed; Primary- the order of amino acids Secondary- hydrogen bonds form Tertiary- folds the secondary structure Quaternary- several tertiary structures together 11) Describe the structure of ATP and why it is important? Cells require energy to function. Energy is stored in high-energy bonds connecting a phosphate group to an organic molecule. Adding a third phosphate group to ADP and produces the high-energy-compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Breaking off ATP’s third phosphate releases the stored energy of the phosphate bond, providing energy for work. 12) Why is the plasma membrane important to cells. Plasma membrane is important to cells because it provides the support and protection that the cell needs and it also shapes the cell. 13-17) Name 5 cell organelles and their functions. Nucleus- the control center of the cell. Mitochondrion- converts nutrients into energy that the cell can use Chloroplasts- converts radiant energy into chemical energy Ribosomes- synthesize proteins  Lysosomes- responsible for the digestion of materials that are brought into the cell. They also break down old or non-functioning organelles. 18) Describe the structure of DNA.   DNA is a double helix resembling a spiral staircase, with sugars and phosphates as the side rails and nucleotide pairs as the steps. The two halves of the DNA spiral are complementary strands. 19) How does DNA differ from RNA? DNA stays within the nucleus of the cell while RNA travels. DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil. 20) Describe transcription and translation in your own words. Transcription is changing DNA to RNA. Translation  is changing mRNA to a protein. 21) How are mitosis and meiosis similar†¦..different? The result of mitosis is 2 cells while meiosis results in 4 cells. Meiosis deals with sexual reproduction while mitosis deals with asexual reproduction.

Energy Storage Systems for Advanced Power Applications

Energy Storage Systems for Advanced Power Applications Abstract The following assignment contains the topic of power transmission systems for offshore wind farms. The three main types of transmission discussed is Line Commutated Converters, Voltage Sourced Converters and High Voltage Alternating Current. Introduction       Electrical Energy Storage technology is proficient in coping with key characteristics of electricity. One trait is its ability to hourly vary in demand and price. Soon electrical energy storage will become essential in bringing relevant markets together to use more renewable energy, to accomplish low CO2 levels for Smart Grids Electrical Energy Storage has three main objectives. These are: Electrical Energy Storage lowers electricity costs by harvesting electricity attained during off-peak times. To improve reliability of power supplies. Electrical Energy Storage consumers during network failures. For example, during natural disasters. To maintain and improve power quality, frequency and voltage. In general, the definition of Smart Grid is to modernise the electricity grid. It involves all aspects related to the electrical system between any point, from generation to consumption. Now that Smart grid technology has been implemented the grid has become more flexible and interactive and gives immediate feedback. The Smart Grid will provide information concerning the price of electricity and the state the power system can be exchanged between electricity production and consumption to realise a more efficient and reliable power supply Electrical Energy storage is significant in the development of Smart Grid. Types of Energy Storage and Features Electrical Energy Storage Classification      Ã‚   To classify electrical energy storage systems the sort of energy used must be considered. In figure one below the storage technologies are categorised into; mechanical, electromechanical, chemical, electrical and thermal energy storage systems. Secondary energy carriers such as, hydrogen and synthetic natural gas are operated to store electrical energy via electrolysis of water to create hydrogen and methane. Fuel cells oxidises hydrogen or methane to produce electricity. The combination of the electrolysis fuel cell procedure is an electrochemical energy storage system. However, both gases are multi-purpose energy carriers. For example, the electricity can be produced in a gas or steam turbine. Thus, they are categorised as chemical energy storage systems. Thermal energy storage systems are also considered. Most thermal energy systems are not the direct input to storage systems. However, using the help of thermal energy storage the energy from renewable energy sources can be strengt hened, which allows electricity to be produced on demand. Hot molten salts in concentrated solar power plants and the storage of heat in compressed air plants using an adiabatic process to achieve efficiency is an example. Mechanical Storage Systems Pumped hydroelectric, compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage are the most popular mechanical storage systems used. Pumped Hydro Storage Pumped hydro storage technology uses to reservoirs at different altitudes. At off peak times water from the bottom reservoir is pumped to the top reservoir. This is can be referred to as charging. Once electrical energy is need water from the top reservoir flows back down to the bottom reservoir, which in turn powers turbines positioned between the top and bottom reservoir. The turbines are connected to generators to then produce electricity. This is known as discharging. Pumped hydro relies on environmental locations. For high and low reservoirs dams, flooded mine shafts, other underground cavities and the open sea are suitable locations to construct a pumped hydro energy system plant. Currently in the UK there is one pumped hydro station located in Dinorwg in North Wales. This is the power station depicted in figure two below. Discharge time periods can last up to several hours to a few days. This depends on the size of the plant. They are seventy to eighty-five per cent efficient. Some advantages of pumped hydro technology is the long lifetime and practicability unlimited cycle stability of the installation. Disadvantages are its dependency on topographical conditions and large land area used. Compressed Air Energy Storage Compressed air technology is used as a storage means due to its obtainability. Air is compressed and kept in underground structures or above ground systems of vessels or pipes. Natural gas is then mixed with the compressed air and burned, which is expanded in specialised gas turbines. Usual underground storage system locations are caverns, aquifers or abandoned mines. This process is illustrated in figure three below. Heat cannot be released during compression dissipation as it will cool while in storage. The air needs to be reheated before expansion in the turbine. This is called Diabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage. This method gives low round trip efficiencies of less than fifty per cent. This system is well established with plants having high reliability and are proficient at starting without extraneous power. The main advantages of compressed air energy storage are its large capacity. The disadvantages the technology develops is low round trip efficiency and location restriction. Flywheel Energy Storage Flywheel energy storage generates energy using a rotating cylinder and stores its energy in an accelerated rotor. The flywheel is made up of a rotating body/cylinder within a compartment. There are also bearing and a transmission device. The electrical energy is generated by the flywheel by keeping the rotation of the body at a constant speed. The higher the speed the more energy stored. To function the flywheel is electrically supplied by a transmission device. If the speed reduces then electricity my by gathered from the system by the transmission device.   The rotor of the flywheel is made out of high strength carbon filaments. These are suspended by magnetic bearings. The rotor can reach speeds of twenty thousand to over fifty thousand revs per minute in a vacuum enclosure. The advantages of using flywheels enables a long-life span, little maintenance, high power density uses environmentally inert material and has excellent cycle stability. The disadvantages to flywheels have high levels of discharge to the resistance in the air and bearing losses. They also suffer from low current efficiency.

themebeo Epic of Beowulf Essay - Style, Structure and Theme

Style, Structure and Theme of Beowulf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A consideration of the stylistic features in the classic poem Beowulf involves a study of the poetic verse, the vocabulary, alliteration, litotes, simile, kennings, variation and double-meaning or ambiguity. A consideration of the structure and the theme of the poem involve a wide diversity of opinion on the subject.    First, let us talk about style. The poetic conventions used by this poet include two half-lines in each verse, separated by a caesura or pause. The half-lines are joined by the oral stressing of alliterative words in the half-lines, both consonants and vowels (Tharaud 34). â€Å"At least one of the two stressed words in the first half-line, and usually both of them, begin with the same sound as the first stressed word of the second half-line† (Donaldson 67). When a word was stressed in the first half-line, its alliterative counterpart was stressed in the following half-line; the words could either complement each other, like holy/heaven or sin/enemy, or they could contrast each other like happy/wretched or warm/winter.    Oft Scyld Scefing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sceapena preatum monegum maegpum  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   meodo-setla ofteah (4-5)    The repetition of the â€Å"s† sound in line 4 and of the â€Å"m† sound in line 5 illustrate alliteration, and this occurs throughout the poem, providing to the listener what the rhyme of modern-day poetry provides – an aesthetic sense of   rightness or pleasure.    The vocabulary of the poem is remarkable in several ways. First of all, about one-third of the vocabulary is compound words. For the concept of   â€Å"the sea† there are 50 different compounds; likewise there are 50 compounds ... ...d Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Shippey, Thomas A.. â€Å"Structure and Unity.† In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.    Sisam, Kenneth. â€Å"The Structure of   Beowulf.† In Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975.    Tharaud, Barry. â€Å"Anglo-Saxon Language and Traditions in Beowulf.† In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.    Tolkien, J.R.R.. â€Å"Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics.† In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000

Lust Caution by Eileen Chang Essay

In the novel Lust, Caution by Eileen Chang, there are debates of the reason why Wang Jiazhi made the decision to warn Yi and to let him go, which is not only a betrayal to her mission but also a suicidal action which eventually led to her death. This action of hers involves multiple psychological origins from Wang’s childhood memory and family structure through out her experience of being a student with her peers to her subtle relationship with Yi during her spying mission. Such experiences formed significant psychological defenses within her according to the psychoanalysis of Freud. The movie Lust, Caution provides a much fuller explanation and details about what the author of book did not offer thoroughly, which is the family background of Wang Jiazhi. There is a scene in the movie that Wang is sitting in a shabby room and trying to organize her word for the wedding greetings to her father who moved oversea years ago with her little brother when she was a child. The experience of her father’s leaving at her young age leads to her fear of abandonment after she grows up, the unshakable belief that her friends and loved ones cannot be trusted. The fact that her father brought her little brother with him but left her at home creates a further belief that she is less worthy than other people and, therefore, does not deserve attention, love, or any other life’s rewards, which is called low self-esteem in the psychoanalysis. Her fear of abandonment and low self-esteem add together and form her most essential mental defense: fear of intimacy, the chronic and overpowering feeling that emotional closeness will seriously hurt or destroy her and that she can remain emotionally safe only remaining at an emotional distance from others at all times. These mental defenses of Wang appear in different areas in her personal and social life, and largely affect Wang in her processes of decision making. In Wang’s social life, the main part of the cause of her solitude does not come from her peers but rather from her prejudice to herself and hatred of her own life and identity. Within a patriotism student division, the members of the division are supposed to have an extremely strong and tight emotional bond. However, as the key factor of this operation, Wang and her view of her peers and coworkers are strangely biased and distanced. When she thinks  about them, she sees the â€Å"detestable eyes† and â€Å"meaningful smile† appear on her friends’ face. Her belief of how her friends in fact hate her and laugh at her at behind reflects on the definition of fear of abandonment in the theory of the psychoanalysis. During her spying mission, Wang’s interaction with Yi, a married â€Å"short man in his forties or fifties† according the description in the novel, revealed another psychological defense of Wang: oedipal fixation, a dysfunctional bond with a parent of the opposite sex that she does not outgrow in adulthood and that does not allow her to develop mature relationship with her peers. Despite the fact that Wang’s relationship with Yi is based on a conspiracy, Wang has certainly developed some kind of emotion that is beyond her position as a spy toward her role and her target, Mr. Yi. Although the fact that Yi is in his forties or fifties may impair his charm in many ways, for Wang the age of Yi provides her a sense of fatherhood, which has been absent from her life since she was a young girl. Also, having a love affair with a married man gives her the feeling of competing with another woman, which reflects her being influenced by her father’s marriage. Being chosen to play the role of the mistress of Yi, Wang Jiazhi not only is an extremely skilled actress, but also has putted her full passion and dedication into her character even beyond the expectation of her job. Such a strong emotional attachment to her target and her life as Wang, the character, contributed largely to her excellence at the job; however at the same time, made it very hard for her to distinguish her own life as a spy and the life as Wang Jiazhi, who lives a luxury life and has no relation with the life of her own, the life filled with confusion, self doubt, and fear of betrayal. Wang’s small actions unconsciously depict a strong sense of hatred to her own life. She hates her family, her friends, and most importantly, herself. Her life is pointless except â€Å"when she is with Yi, she finds the meaning and purpose of living.† Wang feels truly alive only when she is acting as someone else, someone who could be anyone but herself. Therefore, Wang becomes so attached to her character that has forgotten that the original intention of this mission is to end it. When she is in the jewelry store with Yi, she realizes that this is her final plot of being  Wang Jiazhi. However, she can still control her ending pose. Wang chooses to warn Yi and to release him. As the result of her decision, she dies, and the Wang Jiazhi the character leaves the stage, but the play continues without Wang Jiazhi. In this way she does not have to return to her own life which she thinks is not worth of living. She, as an actress, has devoted her life for acting and has chosen to end her life as Wang Jiazhi for her stage and her own masterpiece. Her death has no direct relation with her affection to Yi. She has lived in her art and she died for her acting.

Indigenous Tradition Essay

In the past people have mistaken about their tradition Indigenous originality or occurring naturally (country, region etc) To be indigenous kinship (relation to one another) and location(connection of particular place) Indigenous religion beliefs, experience and practices concerning non-falsifiable realities of people who have kinship and location Syncretism: Syncretism merging of elements from different religions. Eg : north American tradition have been influenced by Christianity, some African rituals are influences by Islam. * Change occurs everywhere. * Traditions are less authentic (accurate) than thousands year ago Indigenous can be found anywhere: * Anishinaubae: drumming ceremony in Toronto * Yoruba: Funeral rites in London * Maori: Purification ritual in opera house Sydney Australia Misconceptions * Common to Indigenous traditions is colonialism * Oglala (Indigenous community) –> a theorist explained them as â€Å"warriors without weapons basically they were incapable to adapting a new economy lifestyle they focused on how to make them â€Å"modern Indians† * Outsider lack insider knowledge. * Scholars often used terms such as fetish, myth, mana, taboo to explain Indigenous traditions. * Eg â€Å" Indigenous stories are called myth where the bible is considered to be true. Primitive Cultures that are unchanged from the beginning primitive Christians, who believed in god and their tradition, had superiority and began to spread their religion to who didn’t know about gospel Indigenous traditions are tend to think more primitive — Due to non-literate * But writing to not better than oral speaking * Mayan did use writing * Most Indigenous people are very literate. Indigenous tradition are tend to think more primitive – consider everything to be sacred (untrue) * Eg : Navajo : ceremony that transforms normal house into a scared place. So everything such as eating, sleeping is considered to be sacred. * Australian aborigine knows where to pray(know the difference between sacred and non sacred mountains) Primitive term is now disagreeing by many scoloars Mohawk and Cree (Dr Clare Brant) Mohawk: Indigenous traditions who give more food to their guest to show their wealth. Cree: Indigenous tradition who eat all the food offered to show scarcity. These two traditions did not go well together and this shows that Indigenous traditions are different from each other. Another point is that we see other cultures according to our own cultures. Gender roles: * Male: hunting and warfare * Female: healing and food preparation * Maori carvers were men and weavers were women. Bunu men frow cotton and women turn it into clothes. * Sometimes the roles switch just like other traditions * Usually religions practices are different for men and woman too. Power of speech Oral speaking is very imp for Indigenous traditions things are passed down oraly. Many people think oral primitive (untrue). Both Quran and Bible was passed down orally before written into text Stories : After life : * Kewa: a man finds a tunnel where his dead people wre living together and they gave them many things and asks him not to speak of it. When he goes and tell everyone about the tunnel, he breaks the promise and when he returns the tunnel is gone. * Anishinaubae : young man fiance died, and he go on a journey to find her and when he found her , he returns home heartbroken, keeping his promise. * These stories tell us about importance of relationships tell us about how we should live than about dying Writing stores often â€Å"fixed in time†. Trickster: * Considered as â€Å"culture heroes† because they are the central figures in many stores * Usually shape shift usually into animals * Can change genders sometime biological and sometime just clothes changing * Outer form is reflected into infidelity * They can appear as fools, selfish, kind, scandalous etc. * Usually driven by self interest alone * Trickster stores show us how we should behave and how we should not * The stories often explain the origins of world and connect to a community more deeply. * Embodies the extremes of humanity: human weakness and strength Practice (rituals). Indigenous tradition rituals are very similar to our traditions * Rituals remind us on what is imp in our life. * In religious terms, rituals, communicate some ways with gods, ancestor and spirits. * Rituals are roots in the human needs and relationship Rituals : * Every rituals varies * Usually involves food Muslim and Jews have specific food eating habits * Many Buddhist set food portions aside for ancestors * Anishinaubae put small amount of food for the spirits * Some rituals are more complicated * Such as marriage, death, birth * Sometimes these rituals mark transformation and sometimes they help to bring the transformation about. * Indigenous tradition rituals serve in some ways to recreate some aspects of the world, order and life Journey: * Going on a journey/quest: rites of passage * Journey to a new place is where a transformation occurs. * The person returns home with physical change, such as tattoo, scar or a body part to symbolize their new self. * Pondos: moved into a special hut to become sacred healers- if they go into town before they must be covered in white * White usually symbolize the color of transformation in Africa * Anishinaubae vision quest – yong man travels far away from home only with water and be completely alone. Then late he become a â€Å"adult man† and comes home with food and the ritual is complete . Sacrifice Mel Gibson: sacrifices in Indigenous traditions are vey common Bear sacrifice: raise a young cub, and raise it for two day and kill it. Head is emptied and filled with flowers and then the animal is cooked and eaten. They think that the bear is the gold’s spirit and they see it as freeing the spirit. Sun dance : dance till days and community provide support. Some sun dance involves sacrifice . the pole and lodge are buil to show the creation of the world Nuer : sacrifice ox for healing. Xhosa : when a woman fall ill the community gathers and kill a cow and do many rituals. This is due their thinking that the ancestor or spirit is angry with the women. * above rituals shows the involvement of community even though there is sacrifice involved. * The rituals ultimately brings people together * Sacrifice like rituals create order and meaning * Those rituals join people to the past and respond to current situation Cultural Expression What you see is not always what you get Art in Indigenous traditions is aout relationship objects are coonected to people Weaving : * Intertwine and connect * Weavers work together , helping one another , passing knowledge. * Shows bonds among people Maori Tradition : * All weavers are female * A girl is said all about weaving more said more discouraged if people saw true commitment then they let the girl into whare pora(caretakers of the weaving) * Whare pora have rules no sex before dying, no food allowed during weaving, special garment should be weaved during the day and not strangets can view the weaving * Traditional colors : black, red and white * Sacred thread is sewed on all garments to show the bond Underlying cloth : * Clothing declare who we are and how we fit into social fabric * Has two side : can hide much as it reveals and help us create a public face * Lady gaga : he masks and clothes hide part of her but also reveals her identity that she wishes to show * Special clothes are associated with imp rituals * Bunu : believes that the special clothes are kind of womb, enveloping the body as like a fetus is being born. Clothing only wears it does not die old cloth is replaces by new, as old spirits is reborn Spirit basket : * Oldest arts * In pomo community men makes the heavy basket for hunting and fishing * Women were responsible for religious baskets. * Mable mckey : was a traditional healer in pomo community and famous basket weaver in the world. Masks : * Masks are used in imp rituals wedding , funerals, hunting celebration etc * Masks are ment to ring spirit into the community lesser deities (gods) * Mask represent certain animals does not mean they worship the animal * Epa mask in Yoruba community extremely heavy show the strength require to dance with the mask and enter the adult hood with responsibility. * Carvers are usualy male Totem poles : * Very specific to each communities * Function of totem poles also varies in each tradition. * Meaning varies serve as a supporting structure or grave makers and other as a symbol for power * Most also tell stories such as historical, achievements and religious * Grizzly bear at the base holding a human represents self-preservation or survival. Moko * Maori carvings are less likely to be displayed outside the original physical context * Moko tattoos * In the beginning the women were only allowed tattoos around their lips and chin where men can have tattoos all over their face * Moko story remind the Maori people their ancestor and importance of meeting ones obligation and treating one another with respect Ancestoral House. * Marae Maori religious and social home. Site of wedding , funeral, celebration. * Authority is held by community elders where they use the space to pass n traditions, stories and arts, carving, weaving. * If the artist when wrong painting the place, they could be put to death. * Location is very imp it must be located in a place where the previous generation carried out the religious and social activities. * Whare Whakairo physical form which represents the body of the ancestor * The building is divided into body parts of the ancestor Three points and Shrine : * Some traditions are very plain, harder for an outsider to see * Three issues : * Most rituals are performed outside * Think bout the function of religious structures that are used in the rituals * What you see is not often what you get * Mbari shrine : represents the founder of the community, a great healer and was forced to flee because they were attacked by another community. Elder stands her to protects the shrine all the time. * The guard signify the change modern development Hogans * Navajo Hogan traditional living space as well as the site for many rituals. * It is the site for daily activities and some are religious and some are not * Before new Hogan is occupied a song is performed. * Known as Blessing way ceremony four divining earth, mountain woman, water woman, corn woman also the song speaks everyday things * According to them world is structure – Hogan All these things symbolizes: * Link btw past and present * Btw community and place * Btw our world and world of spirits Colonialism * Colonialism process where people from one place maintain a settlement in another and to the effects of people who were already there. * Changes include – subjugation or removal , new laws, social practices and new economy. * Power and profit are factors that drive colonialism. * Religion is also one of the reason Colombus : * He destroyed a community Arawaks * He wanted to tell him where the gold was people who gave him gold were left alive and people who didn’t were killed(by cutting hands) * Then he realized that the most valuable are the people, so he sent them back to Europe by the boat land. Genocides : * 20 million African were taken as slave and only 11 million returned * 96% od aboriginals were dead in Australia * factors of depopulation : military action, torture, starvation, suicide and slavery. * More aboriginals are killed when the Americans want more land Masters of continent : * As settler population growed the indigenous population reduced less friendly for land * Terra nullius no ones land was the phrase that European settlers used no owner ship primitive – they do not count as people Conversion : * Many converted to different religion due to colonialism * In Indonesia indigenous tradition is not recognized by lay so all are counted as muslim Loss of religion : * Europeans tried to convert them into chistianity rarely worked * Europeans used military strengeth and religion â€Å"our people is tronger because our god is stronger â€Å" * Missionaries. * Also sometimes the colonial government made the indigenous religion illegal * Eg : potlatch and sundance was made illegal –? Die to the felf harm and economic hardship is potlatch(poverty) * Colonialism lead to patriarchy The potlatch : * Feast that are hosted by a family and hosting family presents the guests with gifts * Demonstrate hospitality and redistributing wealth. Loss of language : * Colonialism language disappeared forever * 20 languages extinct * when communities died, the languages died with them * children’s were forbidden to speak their own languages â€Å"Stolen generation† Loss of Land: * Many religious and indigenous land were taken and was destroyed * Two problems that non-indigenous people had: * Very common belief, no specific belief and are mostly about practice * Religion such as Christians can pray anywhere but indigenous people had to pray at a specific site Identity : (the sympols of indeginous people in sports) * Cleveland Indians play at Atlanta braves : it’s a reminder of ongoing colonialism that has been taken from the indigenous people. * Indigenous oriented names : â€Å"eskimo pie† to market the products evoke a primitive stereotype that is best suited for the product.